英语的基本句型结构
2022-03-16
句型一:Subject (主语)+Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。
扩展资料
如:
(1) Li Ming works very hard.
译:李明学习很努力。
(2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.
译:事故是昨天下午发生的。
(3) Spring is coming.
译:春天来了。
(4) We have lived in the city for ten years.
译:我们在这座城市已经住了十年了。
句型二:Subject (主语)+Link. V(系动词)+Predicate(表语)
这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类:
1. 表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。
如:
(1) This kind of food tastes delicious.
译:这种食物吃起来很可口。
(2) He looked worried just now.
译:刚才他看上去有些焦急。
2. 表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。
如:
(1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.
译:春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。
(2) The tree has grown much taller than before.
译:这棵树比以前长得高多了。
句型三:Subject(主语)+Verb (谓语)+Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。
例:
(1) He took his bag and left.(名词)
译:他拿着书包离开了。
(2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)
译:当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。
(3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)
译:她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
(4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)
译:我不知道下一步该干什么。
注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。
句型四:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。
引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如:
(1)Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
译:她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
还可以表达为:
Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
(2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
译:老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。
还可以表达为:
The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
句型五: Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的“宾语 + 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。
如:
(1) You should keep the room clean and tidy. (形容词)
译:你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。
(2) We made him our monitor.(名词)
译:我们选他当班长。
(3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)
译:他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
(4) My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)
译:我父亲喜欢看男孩们打篮球。
(5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)
译:昨天我和两个美国人拍了一张照片。
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