主语补语和同位语的区别

　　同位语用法：

　　同位语是用来对名词（或代词）做进一步解释的.它可以是单词、短语或从句.同位语从句是名词从句的一种,置于某些名词之后.这些名词包括：fact,doubt,idea,news,hope,indication,decision,possibility,assumption,suggestion,question等.这类从句通常由that引导,有时也可用what,why,whether,when等引导.

　　在阅读和翻译的时候,要特别注意的是同位语和它的本位语分割的情况.这种情况通常是为了保持句子的平衡而出现的.在翻译的时候,这种分割成分的译法比较灵活,可将其提前,也可不提前,还可以增加“即”,或是用冒号、破折号等分开.

　　1.At the same time,the American Law Institute——a group of judges,lawyers,and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight——issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.

　　分析：the American Law Institute后面跟了一个同位语a group of judges,lawyers,and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight,用破折号隔开了.现在分词stating 修饰new guidelines for tort law.tort law：民事侵权行为法.

　　译文：同时,美国法学会——由所提建议很有分量的法官、律师和学者组成的团体——发表了侵权行为法的新指导原则,说明公司没有必要提醒顾客提防明显的危险,也没有必要向他们开列出大量的可能的危险.

　　2.When the closed circuit is broken at any point——that is,when the path of conducting material is interrupted——there will be no current.

　　分析：该句的同位结构由两个时间状语从句构成.同位语由that is 引导.该引导词引导的同位语与本位语有一致关系.类似的引导词还有namely,in other words,for short等.

　　译文：当闭合电路在任一点上断开,也就是说,当导电材料的通路中断时,就不会有电流.

　　3.The marriage age is rising,a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people.

　　分析：这是一个名词短语a condition…做整个句子同位语的例子.以that引导的从句是a condition的定语从句.这种同位语的词类或句子成分与其本位语不同的现象,有时也被称作是“弱同位”.此外,为了使译文更加符合汉语习惯,可以用转译法.

　　补语用法

　　不定式、分词、形容词、名词及with sb./sth.+补语结构

　　一.方法

　　1．We mean that part of the sentence which stands in the same relation to the object as the predicate stands to the subject.

　　2．A．At the meeting we elected him monitor.

　　把him与monitor扩展成一个句子则成为：He is a monitor.

　　B．What you said made Xiao Wang angry.

　　把Xiao Wang与angry扩展成一个句子则成为：Xiao Wang is angry.

　　3．名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补.

　　4．Nouns used as objective complements.

　　Please do the following translations:

　　A．他们让他当会议主席.

　　B．我认为你弟弟是个聪明的孩子.

　　C．年轻的父亲给他的宝宝起名叫“强强”.

　　D．我认为这是撒谎.

　　E．你们选玲玲当经理了吗?

　　5．How many verbs can be followed the nouns used as by objective complements?And what are they?

　　6．形容词是否可以作宾补?请翻译下列句子：

　　A．我发现教室空无一人.

　　B．他们把丝绸染成红色.

　　C．别把布料裁得太短.

　　D．一切都准备好了吗?

　　E．这消息几乎令他发疯.

　　7．Generally speaking,the following can be followed by adjectives used as the objective complements:find,make,keep,cut,paint,push,drive,leave…

　　8．副词

　　A．Please call the students back at once.

　　B．He was seen to take his cap off.

　　C．It was John who took the baby upstairs.

　　D．I joined the two pieces of wood together.

　　E．Please keep yourselves off the grass.

　　F．We wished the talk at an end.

　　9．副词作宾语补足语比较难于掌握,对高中学生来说,多用于理解,而不强求会用.

　　10．不定式

　　在高中阶段我们只学过如下九个及物动词后边的不定式作宾补省略to：

　　let,make,have,feel,see,watch,hear,observe,notice,从日常应用的角度看,记住上边的九个动词基本就够用了.

　　11．Without“to”:

　　A．I can't have you say so.

　　B．You should try your best to make him understand that.

　　C．I noticed the thief steal into the room.

　　D．We observed the students do the physics experiment.

　　E．I felt my hands tremble.

　　能够跟不定式作宾补的词很多,我们应当在使用中注意积累.

　　12．现在分词作宾补

　　have,see,watch,feel,hear,notice,observe,keep,find,注意make后边不能跟现在分词作补语.