TED英语演讲：你以为语言只是交流工具

TED英语演讲：你以为语言只是交流工具

So, I'll be speaking to you using language... because I can. This is one these magical abilities that we humans have. We can transmit really complicated thoughts to one another. So what I'm doing right now is, I'm making sounds with my mouth as I'm exhaling.

我们通过语言交流，因为我可以说话。这是我们人类拥有的一种神奇能力，我们可以互相传递非常复杂的思想。我现在正在做的是，一边呼气，一边用我的嘴巴发出声音。

I'm making tones and hisses and puffs, and those are creating air vibrations in the air. Those air vibrations are traveling to you, they're hitting your eardrums, and then your brain takes those vibrations from your eardrums and transforms them into thoughts. I hope.

我在发出各种语调、嘶嘶声、呼气，而这些引起周边的空气振动。这些空气振动传到你那里，它们到达你的耳鼓，然后你的大脑会将你耳鼓接收到的振动转化成思想。至少我希望是这样的。

I hope that's happening. So because of this ability, we humans are able to transmit our ideas across vast reaches of space and time. We're able to transmit knowledge across minds. I can put a bizarre new idea in your mind right now. I could say, "Imagine a jellyfish waltzing in a library while thinking about quantum mechanics."

我希望如此。正是因为这种能力，人类能够将我们的思想跨越时间和空间，传递下去我们能够将知识互相传递。比如，我现在就可以给你传递一个奇怪的想法。我可以说，“想象一只水母在一个图书馆里一边跳着华尔兹，一边思考着量子力学。”

Now, if everything has gone relatively well in your life so far, you probably haven't had that thought before.

当然如果大家的生活到目前为止都还比较顺利的话，你之前应该没有这样想过。

But now I've just made you think it, through language.

而我现在让你们有了这个想法，正是通过语言做到的。

Now of course, there isn't just one language in the world, there are about 7,000 languages spoken around the world. And all the languages differ from one another in all kinds of ways. Some languages have different sounds, they have different vocabularies, and they also have different structures -- very importantly, different structures.

当然，世界上不是只有一种语言，全球有大约7000种语言。这些语言有着各式各样的区别。有些语言有不同的发音，不同的词汇，还有不同的结构——不同的结构很重要。

That begs the question: Does the language we speak shape the way we think? Now, this is an ancient question. People have been speculating about this question forever. Charlemagne, Holy Roman emperor, said, "To have a second language is to have a second soul" -- strong statement that language crafts reality. But on the other hand, Shakespeare has Juliet say, "What's in a name? A rose by any other name would smell as sweet." Well, that suggests that maybe language doesn't craft reality.

于是，我们会问：我们说的语言是否塑造了我们的思维方式?这其实是个很古老的问题。人们一直以来都在思考这个问题。神圣罗马帝国的查理曼大帝曾说，“学会了第二种语言就拥有了第二个灵魂”——这是相信语言会创造现实。但另一方面，莎士比亚笔下的朱丽叶又说，“名字本来没有意义，一朵玫瑰花换个名字也照样芬芳。”这就指也许语言不能创造现实。

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